The New Collection Development: Planning and Assessment to Promote Innovation

Library collections are in the midst of a radical transformation. Rapidly evolving technology, innovations in distributing and accessing content, new models of pricing, repurposing of library spaces, and shrinking collections budgets create a new environment for collection development. This new environment requires that librarians participate in a variety of new collection development activities beyond just selecting content. In the emerging library collection development landscape librarians must engage with the disciplinary content of collections as well as a range of other areas. New areas of responsibility might include: information technology, including issues of personal data curation; copyright, open access, and scholarly communication; new modes for delivery of content; budgeting, development, fundraising, and stewardship of resources; collections issues regarding space, preservation, curation, and storage of collections in all formats; and integrating collections issues into instruction, reference, readers’ advisory, programming and other engagement with the library’s users, and funders and other stakeholders. These and other activities continue to take an increasing amount of time and effort on the part of collection development librarians. In many cases, however, librarians and library administrators are not adequately prepared to incorporate these activities into their portfolios. The audience will engage in a dialog about incorporating new and emerging collection development activities into training programs, strategic plans, work plans, and assessment activities. Attendees will leave with tools for incorporating innovation into their institutions’ operations

Defining Textual Entailment

Textual entailment is a relationship that obtains between fragments of text when one fragment in some sense implies the other fragment. The automation of textual entailment recognition supports a wide variety of text-based tasks, including information retrieval, information extraction, question answering, text summarization, and machine translation. Much ingenuity has been devoted to developing algorithms for identifying textual entailments, but relatively little to saying what textual entailment actually is. This article is a review of the logical and philosophical issues involved in providing an adequate definition of textual entailment. We show that many natural definitions of textual entailment are refuted by counterexamples, including the most widely cited definition of Dagan et al. We then articulate and defend the following revised definition: T textually entails H = df typically, a human reading T would be justified in inferring the proposition expressed by H from the proposition expressed by T. We also show that textual entailment is context-sensitive, nontransitive, and nonmonotonic

Measurement of absolute transition frequencies of 87Rb to nS and nD Rydberg states by means of electromagnetically induced transparency

We report the measurement of absolute excitation frequencies of 87Rb to nS and nD Rydberg states. The Rydberg transition frequencies are obtained by observing electromagnetically induced transparency on a rubidium vapor cell. The accuracy of the measurement of each state is < 1 MHz, which is achieved by frequency stabilizing the two diode lasers employed for the spectroscopy to a frequency comb and a frequency comb calibrated wavelength meter, respectively. Based on the spectroscopic data we determine the quantum defects of 87Rb, and compare it with previous measurements on 85Rb. We determine the ionization frequency from the 5S1/2(F=1) ground state of 87Rb to 1010.0291646(3) THz, providing the binding energy of the ground state with an accuracy improved by two orders of magnitude